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What is the danger of batteries?
The publications presented at the exhibition address the issues of disposal of hazardous household waste: batteries, lighting devices. The types and hazard classes of spent current sources, methods of disposal of the waste under consideration are given. From the materials of the exhibition, you can find out why it is impossible to throw batteries and accumulators in the trash, how to collect them, how waste batteries are recycled, and who is doing it.
During the preparation of the exhibition, publications from the fund of the Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology were used: monographs, collections of scientific papers, textbooks and manuals, conference materials, articles from specialized journals, as well as publications from the electronic library system "Znanium.com ", scientific electronic library "eLIBRARY.RU ".
The materials of the exhibition can be found in the Literature Hall on Ecology and Priority Areas of Science and Technology of the main library building from March 31 to April 30, 2022. At the end of the exhibition period, you can pre-order the printed publication (books and/or abstracts) you are interested in from the list by clicking the "ORDER" button. To order, authorization is required in the reader's Personal Account. You can work with the ordered publications in the reading room chosen by you when placing the order.
If you have any questions about the use of printed publications presented at the exhibition, please call: 8(495) 698-93-07, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. or in a chat on the main page of the library's website.
Authorization is required to read electronic publications presented at the exhibition. The terms of access can be found in your Personal Account in the "Licensed resources" section.
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1. Атаманов, Д. А Проблема утилизации батареек в России / Д. А. Атаманов. – Text : electronic // Инновации в науке и практике : Сборник статей по материалам VII международной научно-практической конференции. В 5-ти частях, Барнаул, 28 апреля 2018 года. – Барнаул : Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Дендра, 2018. – С. 49-54. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35567581 (дата обращения: 14.02.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: This article discusses the problem of battery recycling in Russia, which is of great importance from the point of view of environmental impact. The structure of battery recycling in Russia is analyzed, indicating the stages of the battery recycling system. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations for solving the problem are given. |
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2. Афанасьева, Т. С. Экологическая студенческая акция "Батарейка, сдавайся!" / Т. С. Афанасьева, Е. С. Осипов. – Text : electronic // Сборник научных трудов молодых ученых, аспирантов, студентов и преподавателей по результатам проведения VIII молодежного экологического Конгресса "Северная Пальмира" : Материалы конгресса, Санкт-Петербург, 22-24 ноября 2017 года. – Санкт-Петербург : Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский центр экологической безопасности РАН, 2017. – С. 324-326. – URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=36658235 (дата обращения: 10.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The paper considers the option of conducting a socio-ecological campaign at the university, as well as the motivation of students to protect the environment. |
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3. Балановский, М. В. Обращение с опасными отходами: опыт Калининградской области. Часть 1 / М. В. Балановский, С. О. Лавриненко, Е. В. Ярулина. – Text : electronic // Твердые бытовые отходы. – 2021. – № 7(181). – С. 45-49. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=46542976 (дата обращения: 10.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: Two main types of hazardous waste generated constantly in every household or organization, common in every region of Russia, are considered: these are spent mercury-containing energy-saving lamps and batteries and electric power elements (with the exception of used car batteries). These wastes do not belong to MSW, but are constantly formed in the MSW structure and require a special order of treatment. The issues of the formation of these wastes, the legal aspects of their management are also considered, the problems are formulated and conclusions are drawn. |
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4. Д10-13/2246 Башкирцев, А. С. Реанимация опасных отходов: батарейки / А. С. Башкирцев, О. Н. Пылаева. – Санкт-Петербург : Некоммерческое партнерство "Ин-т обучения через опыт", 2013. – 156 с. – ISBN 978-5-9903162-1-8 – Текст : непосредственный. Abstract: The main problematic issues of collection and processing of chemical current sources are highlighted. Attention is paid to the general provisions of hazardous waste management. The legislative framework, current practice, problems and trends in the Russian Federation and the countries of the European Union are considered in detail. |
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5. Белецкий, Я. О. Переработка щелочных и угольно-цинковых батареек / Я. О. Белецкий. – Text : electronic // Международная научно-техническая конференция молодых ученых БГТУ им. В. Г. Шухова : Материалы конференции, Белгород, 30 апреля – 20 мая 2021 года. – Белгород : Белгородский государственный технологический университет им. В. Г. Шухова, 2021. – С. 2477-2482. – URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=46382444 (дата обращения: 05.03.2022) – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The chemical composition of alkaline and carbon-acid batteries is considered, as well as the possible impact of their components on the environment. The paper defines a method for recycling batteries using a special shredder. Recycling batteries will reduce the extraction of minerals from the bowels of the Earth, and will also help reduce the cost of products.
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6. Белецкий, Я. О. Способы утилизации и переработки химических источников тока / Я. О. Белецкий, А. И. Сердюк. – Text : electronic // Вестник Донецкого национального университета. Серия Г: Технические науки. – 2021. – № 3. – С. 106-110. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47193997 (дата обращения: 05.03.2022) – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: Due to the use of various electrical equipment in our daily life, such as telephones (smartphones), laptops, electric vehicles and household appliances, which requires constant uninterrupted electrical power, the question arises about the processing of such batteries. The batteries in modern devices are often lithium-ion batteries and batteries. This article discusses the types of alkaline and carbon-acid batteries, as well as lithium-ion batteries. The method of processing such batteries and accumulators with the use of special industrial equipment or with the use of special chemical reagents for the recovery of battery cathodes has been determined. Recycling of batteries and accumulators will reduce the extraction of minerals from the bowels of the Earth, and when cathodes are restored, it will reduce the cost of manufactured products from enterprises. |
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7. Березко, Т. А. Формирование познавательного интереса учащихся к занятиям по экологии / Т. А. Березко. – Text : electronic // Сахаровские чтения 2018 года: экологические проблемы XXI века : Материалы 18-й международной научной конференции: в 3 частях, Минск, 17-18 мая 2018 года / под редакцией С. А. Маскевича, С. С. Позняка. – Минск : Информационно-вычислительный центр Министерства финансов Республики Беларусь, 2018. – С. 129-130. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35364970 (дата обращения: 17.02.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The presented development of the ecological club lesson "What is the danger of batteries?" teaches children to realize the problem of dangerous harm caused by batteries to nature and take the right step towards solving it. |
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8. У5078/2021/12 Бирюкова, Н. В. Обращение с отходами I и II классов опасности по-новому / Н. В. Бирюкова. – Текст : непосредственный // Твердые бытовые отходы. – 2021. – № 12(186). – С. 14-18. Abstract: Waste of hazard classes I and II is generated in every home – these are energy-saving gas-discharge lamps, mercury thermometers, batteries and accumulators. Therefore, regulating the handling of them always remains a very important task. The article specifies what requirements for the management of such waste will be in effect from March 1, 2022. |
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9. Бобович, Б. Б. Управление отходами : учебное пособие / Б. Б. Бобович. – 3-е изд., перераб. и доп. – Москва : Форум : ИНФРА-М, 2020. – 107 с. – (Высшее образование: Бакалавриат). – ISBN 978-5-00091-568-4. – URL: https://znanium.com/catalog/product/1084983 (дата обращения: 17.02.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. – Text : electronic Abstract: The textbook discusses the problems associated with the impact of waste on the environment and quality of life. The analysis of waste management mechanisms in foreign countries is given. Modern methods of waste classification, regulatory legal support of waste management are described. The regulatory legal framework of the Russian Federation in the field of waste management is considered. The composition and procedure for issuing a dangerous waste passport are given. The rules and procedure for the preparation of documents for coordination with the supervisory authorities of the most important environmental pollution standards are considered: PNOOLR, PDV, VAT. The standards of payment for waste disposal, approved for 2017-2018, as well as lowering and increasing coefficients to the payment rates, designed to stimulate enterprises to use the best available waste management technologies and reduce the volume of their disposal, which are gradually introduced from January 1, 2016 to January 1, 2020, the basics of existing waste management mechanisms through licensing, environmental expertise, environmental audit and environmental insurance. The third edition takes into account changes in the regulatory legal framework of the Russian Federation in the field of waste management as of January 1, 2018. Meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education of the latest generation. |
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10. Быкова, Е. Д. Правовой режим обращения с автономными источниками тока: проблемы утилизации / Е. Д. Быкова. – Text : electronic // Электронный инновационный вестник. – 2018. – № 1(1). – С. 21-22. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=36865907 (дата обращения: 14.02.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: Due to the high degree of danger of battery disposal carried out improperly, it is necessary to take a set of measures aimed at changing the situation in the field of waste management. The article analyzes the regulatory legal acts regulating relations related to the utilization of autonomous power sources; the gaps existing in this area are identified. |
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11. Ветрова, К. Ю. Батарейки – вторая жизнь / К. Ю. Ветрова. – Text : electronic // Всемирный день охраны окружающей среды (экологические чтения – 2014) : Материалы Международной научно-практической конференции, ОмЭИ, 05 июня 2014 года. – ОмЭИ: Омский экономический институт, 2014. – С. 116-119. – URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=23132874 (дата обращения: 14.02.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The issues of collection, disposal and recycling of used batteries and accumulators are extremely relevant at the present time. Recycling of these wastes is one of the most difficult problems of recycling of secondary raw materials. Almost all batteries contain toxic substances in the form of various metals and chemicals. |
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12. Р3477/2018/8 Горленко, А. С. Подходы к разработке новых технологий утилизации отходов / А. С. Горленко, Е. И. Ковалева. – Текст : непосредственный // Экология производства. – 2018. – № 8. – С. 62-68. Abstract: The use of industrial waste for the reclamation of disturbed lands. Problems of developing new technologies taking into account their environmental safety and economic efficiency. |
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13. Гребнев, Д. Ю. Использование отработанных источников тока при выплавке синтетического чугуна / Д. Ю. Гребнев. – Text : electronic // XXV Региональная конференция молодых ученых и исследователей Волгоградской области : Сборник материалов конференции, Волгоград, 24-27 ноября 2020 года. – Волгоград : Волгоградский государственный технический университет, 2021. – С. 117-119. – URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=44777171 (дата обращения: 17.02.2022) – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: There are practically no enterprises in Russia for processing used current sources. The only company in Russia that has launched an experimental line for the safe processing of most types of household batteries and accumulators with the allocation of useful resources is located in Chelyabinsk. In this paper, it is proposed to use highly toxic waste current sources – batteries as a carburizer for the production of synthetic cast iron. |
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14. Дмитриева, И. А. Проблема реализации сбора и утилизации батареек / И. А. Дмитриева, В. Ф. Литвинов. – Text : electronic // Сборник трудов VIII Конгресса молодых ученых / Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации : Университет ИТМО. – Санкт-Петербург : Ун-т ИТМО, 2019. – Т. 5. – С. 74-77. – Библиогр. : 5 назв. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=42558556 (дата обращения: 14.02.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The influence of heavy metals in the composition of batteries on human life and the environment has been studied; the scheme of battery disposal has been analyzed; the main directions for solving the environmental problem of collecting batteries in the Novgorod region have been formulated. As a result, a material was obtained, the analysis of which allowed us to conclude that the problem of processing galvanic cells is quite widespread and poses a serious danger both to humans and to the surrounding nature. |
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15. Жемчугова, К. А. Батарейка как источник опасности для окружающей среды / К. А. Жемчугова, К. В. Вшивцева, Е. Ю. Жемчугова. – Text : electronic // Экологические проблемы региона и пути их разрешения : Материалы XV Международной научно-практической конференции, Омск, 13-14 мая 2021 года / под общей редакцией Е. Ю. Тюменцевой. – Омск : Омский государственный технический университет, 2021. – С. 13-16. – URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47216634 (дата обращения: 17.02.2022) – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: Currently, everyone uses batteries in their daily lives, which they then throw away in trash bins. Battery disposal is an urgent problem. This is due to the content of heavy metals in large quantities. Getting into landfills, these metals have a negative impact on the environment. Experimental data have shown how quickly the oxidation reaction begins in the presence of moisture. Therefore, this problem needs to be solved before the batteries get into the landfill. |
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16. Зиленина, В. Г. Предпосылки утилизации отработанных химических источников тока в контексте внедрения принципов расширенной ответственности производителя в России / В. Г. Зиленина, О. В. Уланова, К. Дорнак. – Text : electronic // Экология и промышленность России. – 2017. – Т. 21. – № 11. – С. 58-63. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=30469831 (дата обращения: 01.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The analysis of the existing legislative framework for the treatment of OHIT in developed European countries is presented. The prerequisites for the involvement of OHIT in the economic closed cycle in the context of the introduction of the principles of extended producer responsibility and the formation of the waste processing industry are considered. The potential for the reuse of OHIT is shown, data from field studies are presented. |
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17. Зиленина, В. Г. Сравнительный анализ обращения с отработанными источниками тока в России и европейских странах / В. Г. Зиленина, О. В. Уланова, К. Дорнак. – Text : electronic // Прикладная экология. Урбанистика : журнал / Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет. – 2016. – № 3(23). – С. 20-38. – Библиогр. : 15 назв. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=27204604 (дата обращения: 01.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The analysis of existing types of chemical current sources (HIT) in accordance with current international standards and the given general classification of HIT, depending on the possibility of reuse. The existing systems for handling spent chemical current sources (OHIT) in the Russian Federation and the EU countries are analyzed, a comparative analysis of the requirements of European and Russian documents for the organization of processing and disposal of this type of waste at landfills of municipal solid waste (MSW) is given. In addition, examples of existing organizations, programs in the field of waste management HIT, analysis of trends in the Russian market in the field of recycling HIT. The problem of utilization of OHIT from the point of view of ensuring the environmental safety of MSW landfills as sources of leaching of toxic components in the composition of filtration waters is also considered. On the basis of laboratory studies conducted at the Technical University of Dresden, the calculation of the masses of heavy metals for the long-term period of the existence of the MSW landfill was given. Irkutsk and, as a result, conclusions are drawn about the existing and projected impact on the environment. |
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18. Избышева, Г. С. Экологические движения как форма развития экологической культуры и образования / Г. С. Избышева. – Text : electronic // Экология и управление природопользованием. Экологическая безопасность территорий (проблемы и пути решения) : сборник научных трудов IV Всероссийской научно-практической конференции с международным участием, Томск, 27 ноября 2020 года. – Томск : Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Литературное бюро", 2021. – С. 41-42. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=46706744 (дата обращения: 05.03.2022) – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The issues of environmental education and enlightenment on the territory of the Russian Federation and its subjects are considered, in particular, the work of the ecological school club located in the Tomsk region. |
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19. Исследование загрязнения почвы использованными химическими источниками тока / В. Г. Петров, Я. А. Балицкий, Д. А. Ханнанов, М. А. Шумилова. – Text : electronic // Вестник Пермского национального исследовательского политехнического университета. Прикладная экология. Урбанистика. – 2017. – № 4(28). – С. 115-123. – URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32248093 (дата обращения: 05.03.2022) – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The results of a study of the mobility of zinc and manganese compounds from the used chemical current sources (HIT) when they pollute the surface layer of some types of soils characteristic of the Udmurtia region are presented. The mobility of pollutants in the soil was studied on a special stand simulating the effects of precipitation in the form of rain. Soil contamination was carried out with manganese-zinc hits with alkaline electrolyte and coal-zinc hits. It was found that the contamination is localized at the point of entry into the soil, while the MPC value of the element for the soil exceeds more than 100 times for zinc and almost 4 times for manganese. Precipitation filtrates that have passed through the polluted soil layer exceed the MPC value in water for fishery water sources by 3 times for zinc and 8 times for manganese. Thus, a used battery, being in the environment, is a dangerous pollutant, therefore, measures are required to collect and dispose of used batteries in order to exclude the ingress of this type of waste into household garbage. |
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20. Д10-17/49018 Исследование подвижности соединений цинка в почве при ее загрязнении использованными химическими источниками тока (ХИТ) / Я. А. Балицкий [и др.]. – Текст : непосредственный // Городская среда: экологические и социальные аспекты : сборник статей научно-практической конференции, 19.04.2017 г., [Ижевск] / [редакционная коллегия: И. Л. Бухарина и др.]. – Ижевск : Удмурт. гос. ун-т, 2017. – С. 88-92. – Библиогр. : 6 назв. Abstract: On an experimental stand simulating the effects of atmospheric precipitation in the form of rain, the parameters of the mobility of zinc contamination in the event of two types of used chemical current sources entering the soil were determined. It is shown that the contamination is localized at the point of entry into the soil, the filtrate that passed through the contaminated soil layer contained a zinc concentration higher than the MPC for fisheries reservoirs. |
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21. Карасева, К. Э. К вопросу об утилизации опасных отходов ламп и батареек / К. Э. Карасева, Д. А. Ракишева. – Text : electronic // Обращение с отходами: современное состояние и перспективы : сборник статей II Международной научно-практической конференции, Уфа, 10 ноября 2020 года. – Уфа : Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет, 2020. – С. 117-123. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=44482593 (дата обращения: 10.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: This article discusses the problem of disposal of hazardous household waste, namely lamps and batteries. Their types and hazard classes are given. The successfully applied methods of disposal of the considered waste in Russia and in the Czech Republic are analyzed. |
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22. Каримова, Л. Т. Это нужная и вредная батарейка / Л. Т. Каримова, С. П. Никитин. – Text : electronic // Международный студенческий научный вестник. – 2018. – № 3-8. – С. 1273-1275. – URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=34933122 (дата обращения: 10.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: Every person uses different types of batteries every day: in various toys, remote controls, watches, household appliances, etc. In the modern world, it is difficult to imagine life without the use of current sources, one of the most common sources of direct current are batteries. Unfortunately, batteries have the property of sitting down, and they are discharged in different ways. For example, out of a pair of batteries on which the flashlight is no longer shining, one may be empty, and the other has half a charge left and should be saved. This may be appropriate from the point of view of budget savings, as well as important in respect of the environment. A discharged battery, people, at best, are sent to a recycling center, and at worst, they simply throw it away. |
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23. Кейметинова, В. П. Сбор и утилизация батареек в городе Якутске / В. П. Кейметинова, Л. В. Герасимова. – Text : electronic // Булатовские чтения. – 2020. – Т. 6. – С. 130-132. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43994096& (дата обращения: 01.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: This article is devoted to the study of the adverse effects of finger batteries on the environment and human health. Step-by-step collection of batteries for subsequent disposal and reduction of their emissions to landfill is considered on the example of Yakutsk. |
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24. Козлов, М. А. Применение Mxenes как экологически безопасной замены современным литий-ионным батарейкам / М. А. Козлов. – Text : electronic // Выход в город : Сборник статей участников III Межвузовской научно-практической конференции магистрантов и аспирантов, Москва, 26 декабря 2021 года. – Москва : Московский городской педагогический университет, 2022. – С. 85-90. – URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=48049356 (дата обращения 05.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: Environmentalists are particularly concerned about the presence of lithium batteries in household waste: in a landfill, these batteries pollute the soil with cadmium, cobalt, and manganese. This study is a review of the current literature on the production of transition metal carbides, called MXenes, and the study of the properties of these materials that allow them to be used as a filler for lithium batteries, increasing their energy intensity and providing an opportunity to abandon the use of heavy metals. As the research results of recent years show, technologies using mixers will allow in the near future not only to reduce the damage caused to the urban environment, but also to improve the quality of portable energy carriers. |
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25. Ларионов, В. Г. Организация и управление твердыми коммунальными отходами города в рамках экологического менеджмента : монография / В. Г. Ларионов, М. Н. Павленков, П. М. Воронин [и др.] ; под редакцией В. Г. Ларионова, М. Н. Павленкова. – 3-е изд. – Москва : Издательско-торговая корпорация «Дашков и К°», 2020. – 366 с. – ISBN 978-5-394-03809-9. – URL: https://znanium.com/catalog/product/1081723 (дата обращения: 20.12.2021). – Access mode: for authorized users. – Text : electronic Abstract: The monograph examines the main directions of the development of environmental management to ensure the practical regulation of the sphere of municipal solid waste management in cities. The most important problems of sustainable development of modern cities, where environmental factors affect the safety of the population, are identified. The analysis of the state of the waste management sphere was carried out, the problems of collection, transportation and disposal were identified, the main tasks of local authorities to improve the management of the MSW sphere were identified. The article summarizes the domestic and foreign experience in the development and application of regulatory legal acts in the field of recycling of MSW, as well as the experience of foreign countries in the processing and use of secondary resources. New forms of organization and management of the sphere of MSW circulation are proposed and a standard system of waste organization and management is developed. The Day of heads of municipal authorities, specialists dealing with issues of municipal administration, teachers and university students. |
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26. Липаев, А. А. Обращение с отходами производства и потребления : учебное пособие / А. А. Липаев, С. А. Липаев. – Москва ; Вологда : Инфра-Инженерия, 2021. – 408 с. – ISBN 978-5-9729-0616-1. – URL: https://znanium.com/catalog/product/1836469 (дата обращения: 18.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. – Text : electronic Abstract: The concept of production and consumption waste is considered, the impact of waste on the environment is shown, the need to involve them as secondary raw materials in the national economy is justified. The regulatory and legal support of waste management in the Russian Federation and abroad is analyzed. Modern technologies of utilization of environmental management waste in the extraction and primary processing of minerals, in the manufacturing industry, the construction industry, and the agro-industrial complex are presented. The issues of disposal of mining, radioactive, industrial and municipal waste are considered. For students studying in the fields of "Ecology and nature management", "Rational nature management", "Technosphere safety". It can be useful for university teachers, waste management specialists, regional operators and a wide range of engineering and technical workers in various industries. |
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27. Марунова, А. В. Методы переработки ХИТ / А. В. Марунова. – Text : electronic // Научные исследования студентов и учащихся : сборник статей IV Международной научно-практической конференции, Пенза, 23 ноября 2021 года. – Пенза : Наука и Просвещение (ИП Гуляев Г. Ю.), 2021. – С. 50-52. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47231296 (дата обращения: 18.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The purpose of the study is to consider existing methods of processing chemical current sources. The scientific novelty lies in determining the differences between the methods. As a result, a comparative analysis was carried out to identify their advantages and disadvantages. |
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28. Морозов, В. В. Проблемы обращения с твердыми бытовыми отходами и зоны экологического бедствия / В. В. Морозов, З. И. Курбатова, Е. П. Курбатова. – Text : electronic // Известия Великолукской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии. – 2020. – № 1(30). – С. 9-13. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=43121584 (дата обращения: 14.02.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The article discusses the problems occurring in the process of changing the composition of solid household waste (MSW) towards an increase in the content of highly toxic components, which will lead to further deterioration of the severe environmental situation near a large number of landfills, which are already zones of ecological disaster. The solution to this problem is the organization of separate collection and sorting of solid waste and the improvement of current legislation. In recent decades, the improvement of the solid waste management system in industrialized countries has been considered as one of the most important environmental, sanitary-epidemiological and socio-economic tasks. This is due to the fact that solid waste is constantly being reproduced, their volumes are growing, and the composition is changing in an unfavorable direction from the point of view of ecology: there is a complication of the composition of solid waste and an increase in the content of hazardous household components in them – mercury lamps and thermometers, used batteries, scrap electronic equipment, consumables that ensure its operation. As a result, the composition of modern waste entering landfills and landfills contains very dangerous substances, in particular mercury and other heavy metals, waste oils, solvents, radioactive materials, etc. Even traditionally environmentally friendly grass and leaves of urban trees placed on landfills, today, according to a number of researchers, in the conditions of a megalopolis turn into a carrier of heavy metals: zinc, lead, cadmium, nickel, copper, chromium. |
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29. Никонова, Ю. В. Портативный контейнер для хранения и транспортировки отработанных ртутьсодержащих бытовых изделий / Ю. В. Никонова, С. Б. Васильев, А. Ю. Борисов. – Text : electronic // Resources and Technology. – 2016. – Т. 13. – № 4. – С. 79-92. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29455122 (дата обращения: 14.02.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The authors propose a technical solution in the form of a container for the collection, temporary storage and transportation of mercury-containing energy-saving lamps and galvanic cells at home. This solution applies to devices for storing and transporting failed products, the damage or destruction of which causes environmental pollution. Such products are energy-saving fluorescent and fluorescent lamps unsuitable for further operation, mercury thermometers and galvanic cells, which are waste of high toxicity due to possible environmental contamination with mercury contained in these products and related to waste of hazard class 1 – extremely hazardous waste. These products require special treatment: collection, storage, transportation and disposal. The article provides an overview of various types of containers for collection, storage and transportation of spent mercury-containing household appliances, describes the formula of the utility model of the container proposed by the authors of the article, its features, and the technical result of its application. |
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30. Общешкольный экологический проект по информированию учащихся об опасности беспечного отношения к использованным батарейкам / А. А. Сушкова, А. В. Сарычева, М. С. Пантюхин, Е. Д. Барк. – Text : electronic // Актуальные проблемы экологии и природопользования : сборник научных трудов, Москва, 10-12 апреля 2014 года. – Москва : Российский университет дружбы народов, 2014. – С. 447-450. – URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=24633322 (дата обращения 05.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The problem of recycling and recycling of used batteries. Schoolchildren are most often careless about used batteries and throw them away with household garbage. We spent class hours in all classes of our school informing students about the harm that a battery thrown into the trash causes to the environment. After conducting informational classes, we organized an action to collect used batteries in our school. As a result of this campaign, we have collected more than 1,500 batteries in 6 weeks. The 2nd and 7th grades showed the greatest activity. A survey conducted after the end of the collection of batteries showed a change in the attitude of schoolchildren to the problem of used batteries. |
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31. Ж2-20/70190 Ольшанская, Л. Н. Разработка способов использования твердых отходов в качестве вторичных материальных ресурсов / Л. Н. Ольшанская, М. А. Чернова, Е. М. Баканова. – Текст : непосредственный // Химия и инженерная экология – XX : сборник трудов международной научной конференции (школа молодых ученых), посвященной 100-летию образования Татарской АССР, Казань, 28-30 сентября 2020 г. / Казанский национальный исследовательский технический университет им. А. Н. Туполева-КАИ, Лиссабонский университет [и др.]. – Казань : Изд-во ИП Сагиева А. Р., 2020. – С. 222-226. – Библиогр. : 8 назв. – ISBN 978-5-6045150-1-3. Abstract: The main directions of solid waste disposal (TO) of industry and agro-industrial complex (AIC) are considered. It is known that TO is a rich source of secondary material resources (ferrous, non–ferrous, rare and dispersed metals), as well as a free energy carrier. The possibility of using agricultural waste in the creation of composite magnetosorbents for the removal of oil spills is shown. |
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32. Ж2-15/60131 Охрана почв и земель : коллективная монография / А. С. Яковлев [и др.] ; под общей редакцией А. С. Яковлева, О. А. Макарова, Н. Г. Рыбальского ; Московский Государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова, Факультет почвоведения [и др.]. – Москва : НИА-Природа, 2015. – 555 с. – Автор указан на обороте титульного листа – Библиогр. в кн. – ISBN 978-5-9562-0094-0 – Текст : непосредственный. Abstract: From the standpoint of modern science, the latest legislative acts, normative-methodological and organizational-administrative documents regulating the protection, assessment, rationing of soils and lands in the Russian Federation are analyzed. A detailed selection of these documents is provided. |
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33. Патент № 2665927 C1 Российская Федерация, МПК B09B 3/00. Способ раздельного сбора использованных приборов электропитания : № 2018109458 : заявл. 16.03.2018 : опубл. 05.09.2018 / Парамошко В. А. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37379839 (дата обращения 05.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. – Text : electronic Abstract: The invention relates to public utilities. The method of separate collection of used power supply devices includes separate collection of electrical appliances, which are batteries or accumulators containing substances harmful to the environment, their delivery to a mesh container for external control with openings on the facade panel with diameters corresponding to the diameters of batteries or accumulator. The purpose of the invention and the interest of citizens in sorting household waste into its component parts are being implemented. |
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34. Патент № 2684604 C1 Российская Федерация, МПК H01M 10/00, B26D 3/16. Устройство для разрезания отработанных электрических батареек или аккумуляторов : № 2018127520 : заявл. 26.07.2018 : опубл. 10.04.2019 / Зимовец П. А. – URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37346042 (дата обращения 05.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. – Text : electronic Abstract: The invention relates to the electrical industry and industrial ecology, namely to a device for cutting spent electric batteries and accumulators. The invention provides the possibility of cutting the metal body of spent electric batteries and accumulators. |
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35. Патент № 2703663 C1 Российская Федерация, МПК C22B 7/00, B09B 3/00. Система утилизации химических источников тока в виде отработанных батареек : № 2018140922 : заявл. 20.11.2018 : опубл. 21.10.2019 / Котенко И. М., Завьялов С. В. ; заявитель Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЭКОСНАБ". – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41278434 (дата обращения 05.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. – Text : electronic Abstract: The invention relates to the disposal of spent chemical current sources (batteries). The technical result is to improve the quality of the recycling process by reducing emissions and ingress of the smallest particles, aggressive and harmful substances into the environment and reducing energy costs. |
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36. Петров В. Г. Утилизация использованных батареек/ В. Г. Петров, Я. А. Балицкий, Д. А. Ханнанов. – Text : electronic // Эколого-географические проблемы регионов России : материалы VIII всероссийской научно-практической конференции с международным участием, посвященной 110-летию со дня рождения кандидата географических наук, доцента, заведующего кафедрой геологии и географии, декана факультета естествознания Куйбышевского педагогического института Т. А. Александровой, 15 января 2017 г., Самара / Самарский государственный социально-педагогический университет. – Самара : СГСПУ, 2017. – С. 201-203. – Библиогр. : 4 назв. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28398624 (дата обращения 05.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The issues of disposal of used batteries of various types are considered. It is proposed to create an installation for the disposal of batteries with a capacity of 50 kg per shift, which allows solving the problem for a large populated center. |
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37. Поляков, И. С. Проблема сбора и утилизации батареек в России / И. С. Поляков. – Text : electronic // Молодежь и научно-технический прогресс : сборник докладов X Международной научно-практической конференции студентов, аспирантов и молодых ученых: в 4 т., Губкин, 20 апреля 2017 г. – Губкин : ООО "Ассистент плюс", 2017. – С. 367-369. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29765718&pff=1 (дата обращения 05.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: the article discusses the problems of collecting and disposing of batteries in Russia. |
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38. Прощай, литиевая батарейка? – Text : electronic // Энергоэксперт. – 2019. – № 1(69). – С. 16. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41137502 (дата обращения 05.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: Batteries and accumulators are the most compact sources of electricity today. It's hard to argue with that. But it seems that these technologies have already reached their limit and have ceased to meet modern requirements. The future belongs to new fuel cells. And here, according to enthusiastic scientists, hydrogen has the most favorable prospects. |
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39. Прибыльский, А. Н. Затруднительные аспекты в сфере обращения с химическими источниками тока (батарейками) в Республике Крым / А. Н. Прибыльский, Н. А. Волкова. – Text : electronic // Актуальные проблемы биоразнообразия и природопользования : материалы Всероссийской научно-практической конференции, Керчь, 26 сентября – 01 октября 2017 года. – Керчь : Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Издательство Типография «Ариал», 2017. – С. 278-283. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=30052314 (дата обращения 05.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The paper analyzes the main aspects in the field of handling chemical current sources (HIT) in the Republic of Crimea and the Russian Federation as a whole, and also presents current problems related to the collection and disposal of HIT in the Crimea. |
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40. Рациональное использование энергетических ресурсов при утилизации батареек / А. Д. Арсланов, А. А. Потанин, З. А. Даутов, И. Н. Хамидуллин. – Text : electronic // Тинчуринские чтения – 2021 «Энергетика и цифровая трансформация» : материалы Международной молодежной научной конференции. В 3 томах, Казань, 28-30 апреля 2021 года. – Казань : ООО ПК «Астор и Я», 2021. – С. 516-518. – URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=46357653 (дата обращения 05.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The problem of irrational use of energy resources in the disposal of AA batteries is described. Attention is drawn to the issues of ecology and energy efficiency. An installation is presented that allows you to charge battery packs using batteries that have been decommissioned, and has the ability to demonstrate the processes of transferring useful energy stored in them. |
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41. Роженцова, Е. В. Отношение населения к сортировке домашних отходов: эконометрический анализ / Е. В. Роженцова, А. Д. Салтыкова, Е. А. Третьякова. – Text : electronic // Комплексное развитие территориальных систем и повышение эффективности регионального управления в условиях цифровизации экономики : материалы III Национальной (всероссийской) научно-практической конференции, Орел, 23 декабря 2020 года. – Орел : Орловский государственный университет имени И. С. Тургенева, 2021. – С. 384-392. – URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=46637558 (дата обращения 05.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: In this study, based on econometric processing of data from a questionnaire survey of residents and guests of Perm about their readiness for a separate collection of batteries for their subsequent disposal, factors determining people's environmental behavior were identified, such as a person's personal level of responsibility for the state of the environment and willingness to devote personal time to environmental activities, as well as awareness of environmental damage of batteries that are exported to burial sites. |
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42. У5078/2021/12 Рыжакова, М. Г. Сбор и утилизация опасных бытовых отходов. Опыт Санкт-Петербурга / М. Г. Рыжакова. – Текст : непосредственный // ТБО – обращение с отходами : журнал / Российская Федерация. Министерство природных ресурсов и экологии. – 2021. – № 12. – С. 28-33. Abstract: The materials of this article have shown that waste generated in everyday life in small quantities, but having high hazard classes, require special treatment schemes that have been created and are being improved in all economically developed countries of the world. It remains insufficient, and the efficiency of OOP collection systems does not approach 100% even in states with the most successful environmental policies. |
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43. Селезенев, Н. С. Последствия загрязнения объектов окружающей среды портативными гальваническими элементами / Н. С. Селезенев, А. Н. Балаев, В. А. Никонов. – Text : electronic // Актуальные проблемы авиации и космонавтики. – 2016. – Т. 1. – № 12. – С. 937-938. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=27032114 (дата обращения: 14.02.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The aim of the work was to determine the actual danger of portable galvanic cells (batteries) trapped in soil and water. |
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44. Синебок, Д. А. Разработка контейнера для сбора ртутьсодержащих изделий, не допускающий попадание тяжелых предметов в отсек хрупких элементов / Д. А. Синебок, Е. В. Климова. – Text : electronic // Безопасность, защита и охрана окружающей природной среды: фундаментальные и прикладные исследования : сборник докладов Всероссийской научной конференции, Белгород, 14-18 октября 2019 года. – Белгород : Белгородский государственный технологический университет им. В. Г. Шухова, 2019. – С. 88-91. – URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=42307622 (дата обращения: 14.02.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: In this article, the developed model of a container for collecting mercury-containing products is considered. The container under development is intended for the correct disposal of energy-saving lamps and batteries that contain hazardous metals and must be disposed of at special enterprises, since their disposal together with food waste is not permissible and causes great damage to the environment and people. |
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45. Скляр, В. Ф. Утилизация батареек / В. Ф. Скляр – Text : electronic // Донецкие чтения 2016. Образование, наука и вызовы современности : материалы I Международной научной конференции, Донецк, 16-18 мая 2016 года / под общей редакцией С. В. Беспаловой. – Донецк : Издательство Южного федерального университета, 2016. – Т. 1 – С. 372-373. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32700348 (дата обращения: 17.02.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The issues of harm caused by used electric batteries, fluorescent and "energy-saving" lamps are considered. The problem of their reuse or disposal is touched upon. The first steps to prevent contamination of soil and water from used electrical appliances are proposed. |
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46. Сусанин, Д. А. Утилизация отработанных элементов питания в Великом Новгороде / Д. А. Сусанин. – Text : electronic // Дни науки и инноваций НовГУ : материалы XXVII научной конференции преподавателей, аспирантов и студентов НовГУ, в 3 ч., Великий Новгород, 06-11 апреля 2020 года. – Великий Новгород : Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого, 2020. – С. 76-81. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=44387033 (дата обращения: 01.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: At the moment, batteries, such as batteries and accumulators, are an integral part of the modern world, and people cannot imagine their lives without them. Humanity has become very dependent on these devices, thanks to them cars, smartphones, laptops and even a remote control from a home TV work. Batteries are undoubtedly one of the greatest inventions of man, but they have huge drawbacks. This article describes in detail why it is impossible to throw batteries and accumulators in the trash, and also describes how to collect them for recycling, how recycling takes place and who is engaged in the recycling of used batteries in Russia. |
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47. Н/18098/8(146) Твердые бытовые отходы : научно-практический журнал. – Москва : Отраслевые ведомости, 20 – . – www.solidwaste.ru. – ISSN 2078-1040. – Текст : непосредственный. № 8(146) : Сбор и транспортирование отходов : как правильно перевозить опасные отходы, экологическое законодательство России: основные изменения. – 2018. – 64 с. : ил. Abstract: The topic of the issue is waste collection and transportation, the articles talk about technical methods, means of collection and transportation, and about problems related to the legal non–regulation of this area. |
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48. Д10-17/50297 Технологические аспекты утилизации тяжелых металлов и их соединений из гальваношламов для вторичного применения : монография / Л. Н. Ольшанская [и др.] ; Саратовский государственный технический университет имени Гагарина Ю. А., Энгельсский технологический институт (филиал). – Энгельс : ЭТИ (фил.) СГТУ им. Гагарина Ю. А., 2017. – 127 с. : ил. – Библиогр. : с. 108-125 (170 назв.). – ISBN 978-5-9907991-5-8 – Текст : непосредственный. Abstract: The results of research related to the technologies of recycling and recycling of metal-containing waste, including wastewater and sludge from electroplating industries, are systematized, analyzed and summarized. It is shown that when an effective method of processing is found, valuable components can be obtained from electroplated sludge (GS), which is especially important due to the depletion of natural resources. New resource-saving technologies for the extraction of heavy metals and their compounds from GS and their use in the production of pigments fillers for paints and varnishes and in the manufacture of rechargeable cathodes of chemical current sources (Ni-Cd and Ni-Fe batteries) are proposed. |
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49. Тризно, Е. А. Маленькая, а проблемы великие (использование, хранение и утилизация батареек) / Е. А. Тризно, Е. Н. Новик. – Text : electronic // Христианские ценности в культуре современной молодежи : материалы VI Международной студенческой научной конференции, Минск, 27 октября 2017 года. – Минск : Издательский центр БГУ, 2017. – С. 281-287. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35019067 (дата обращения: 14.02.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The purpose of the work: to study the risk factors of improper disposal of batteries and to inform classmates and acquaintances about the rules for the use and disposal of batteries. |
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50. Ульянов, А. Ю. Роль органов местного самоуправления в сфере сбора, хранения и утилизации батареек на примере городов Симферополь и Челябинск / А. Ю. Ульянов. – Text : electronic // Правовые проблемы и тенденции обеспечения экологической безопасности и механизма адаптации к климатическим изменениям : сборник тезисов по итогу круглого стола, Симферополь, 19 мая 2021 года / Крымский федеральный университет им. В. И. Вернадского. – Симферополь : Б. и., 2021. – С. 55-61. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=46235487 (дата обращения 05.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The paper considers the role of local self-government bodies of the Simferopol city district in the field of collection, storage and disposal of batteries. In practice, the city district with the inner-city division of Chelyabinsk makes concrete proposals to improve legal regulation in this area in the city district of Simferopol. |
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51. Д10-21/86081 Управление отходами в современной России : монография / Шевчук А. В., Анисимов С. П., Бакунев Я. В. [и др.] ; под редакцией А. В. Шевчука. – Москва : Белый ветер, 2021. – 557, [1] с. – Авт. указ. на с. 7-8. – Библиогр. : с. 543-553 (189 назв.). – ISBN 978-5-907420-07-6 – Текст : непосредственный. Abstract: This book is the result of research conducted by the author's team on behalf of various ministries and departments for a number of years. Among them is the development of a draft strategy for the development of the industrial waste processing industry and the housing and communal services complex, as well as an action plan for its implementation for the subsequent development of a subprogram based on them within the framework of the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of Industry and increasing its competitiveness". The book presents the history of waste management in Russia and abroad, theory, practice and technologies of the waste management industry, including the system of legislation, waste classification, technologies for managing the processing of industrial and municipal solid waste, etc. |
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52. Филиппова, Д. Проверка эффективности микроудобрений, производимых при переработке использованных батареек, на некоторых овощных культурах / Д. Филиппова, М. Филиппова. – Text : electronic // Природные и культурные аспекты долгосрочных экологических исследований на Северо-Западе России : материалы XIII Региональной молодежной экологической Школы-конференции в усадьбе «Сергиевка» 2019, к 150-летию со дня рождения Николая Адольфовича Буша – одного из основателей Петергофского естественно-научного института, Санкт-Петербург, Старый Петергоф, 28-29 ноября 2019 года. – Санкт-Петербург, Старый Петергоф : ООО "Издательство ВВМ", 2019. – С. 247-249. – URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41500322 (дата обращения 05.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of Trace Grow micro fertilizers on the yield of green vegetable crops. |
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53. Д10-17/49018 Ханнанов Д.А. Способ утилизации использованных химических источников тока (ХИТ)/ Д. А. Ханнанов, Я. А. Балицкий, В. Г. Петров. – Текст : непосредственный // Городская среда: экологические и социальные аспекты : сборник статей научно-практической конференции, 19.04.2017 г., Ижевск / редакционная коллегия: И. Л. Бухарина и др. – Ижевск : Удмурт. гос. ун-т, 2017. – С. 287-291. – Библиогр. : 4 назв. Abstract: The issues of disposal of used batteries of various types are considered. It is proposed to create an installation for the disposal of batteries with a capacity of 50 kg per shift, which allows solving the problem for a large populated center. |
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54. Химические источники тока и их влияние на живые организмы / О. Н. Иванова, О. Г. Тарасова, А. Г. Самарцева [и др.] . – Text : electronic // Синергия Наук. – 2018. – № 20. – С. 343-349. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32484355 (дата обращения 05.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The types and classification of chemical current sources, their composition and the effect of various chemicals on the environment are considered. |
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55. Шкода, А. С. Влияние твердых бытовых отходов на здоровье человека и окружающую среду / А. С. Шкода, С. А. Гринь. – Text : electronic // Актуальные научные исследования в современном мире. – 2017. – № 12-8(32). – С. 145-149. – URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32321626 (дата обращения: 18.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: This article examines the effect of polymer materials on the human body and the environment. This is due to the fact that millions of household waste are generated in our country every year, which are then sent to landfills. Waste is stored for many years, while releasing many toxic substances that are harmful to the human body and the environment. This happens as a result of the emergence of new technologies, as well as the growth of the comfort of human existence. An increase in the amount of waste such as disposable tableware, packaging materials, food storage containers, bottles, cellophane bags leads to an aggravation of the sanitary and epidemiological situation and the uncontrolled development of pathogens. The emission problem is aggravated by the fact that mercury-containing thermometers, batteries and accumulators, containers with household chemicals and anticorrosive agents are thrown out along with food waste, plastic, glass, paper and metal. All this, under the guise of low-risk household waste, is taken to incinerators, after which they are burned and all toxic substances enter the air, water, soil and, accordingly, the human body. |
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56. Шубов, Л. Я. Технология твердых бытовых отходов : учебник / Л. Я. Шубов, М. Е. Ставровский, А. В. Олейник ; под редакцией профессора Л. Я. Шубова. – Москва : ИНФРА-М, 2022. – 395 с. – (Среднее профессиональное образование). – ISBN 978-5-16-016937-8. – URL: https://znanium.com/catalog/product/1864130 (дата обращения: 18.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. – Text : electronic Abstract: The technological basis for solving the problem of solid household waste is presented. The issues of complex processing and disposal of consumer waste are considered. Technological aspects of waste management from the standpoint of ecology, economics, resource and energy conservation are revealed in the interrelation. For students studying in technical, technological and environmental specialties, including environmental service. It is of interest to teachers and specialists working in the system of urban engineering and the use of secondary resources, as well as for designers (the book contains extensive factual material that is convenient for use). |
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57. Ж2-16/61825 Эколого-экономическая оценка деградации земель : монография / А. С. Яковлев [и др.] ; под редакцией А. С. Яковлева [и др.] ; Московский Государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова, Лаборатория экономики деградации земель. – Москва : МАКС Пресс, 2016. – 250 с. : ил. – Автор и редактор указаны на обороте титульного листа – Библиогр. : с. 230-247. – ISBN 978-5-317-05437-3 – Текст : непосредственный. Abstract: Methodological principles of ecological and economic assessment of land degradation are presented. The methods of assessing damage/harm from land degradation without taking into account and taking into account ecosystem services (services), as well as assessing actions/inaction regarding the use of reclamation measures (approach J. von Braun). |
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58. Ямбулатова, О. В. Экологическое воспитание студентов СПО / О. В. Ямбулатова. – Text : electronic // Экологические и природоохранные проблемы современного общества и пути их решения : Материалы XIII международной научной конференции. В 2-х частях, Москва, 30 марта 2017 года / под редакцией А. В. Семенова, Н. Г. Малышева, Ю. С. Руденко. – Москва : Московский университет им. С. Ю. Витте, 2017. – С. 497-501. – URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29066009 (дата обращения: 18.03.2022). – Access mode: for authorized users. Abstract: The article discusses socially significant projects carried out to form a conscious attitude to the environment (Paper Boom, Batteries, give up! Antiplastic), as well as a stage of a research student project for the analysis of snow cover pollution in the city. |
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